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    HTML 初识 |  虎虎生辉
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  HTML 初识
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  <time datetime="2017-10-31T16:00:00.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2017-11-01</time>
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      <h3 id="1-web"><a href="#1-web" class="headerlink" title="1. web"></a>1. web</h3><ul>
<li>互联网</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-w3c"><a href="#2-w3c" class="headerlink" title="2. w3c"></a>2. w3c</h3><ul>
<li>万维网联盟（非营利性组织）</li>
<li>为互联网提供各种标准</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-XML"><a href="#3-XML" class="headerlink" title="3. XML"></a>3. XML</h3><ul>
<li>可拓展的标记语言： extension markup language</li>
<li>用户定义文档结构的</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="4-HTML"><a href="#4-HTML" class="headerlink" title="4. HTML"></a>4. HTML</h3><ul>
<li>超文本标记言语：Hyper Text markup language</li>
<li>html is the language for describing the structure of Web pages!</li>
<li>用于描述页面结构的</li>
<li>HTML5：2014年发布</li>
<li>XHTML：完全符合XML的规范（已被HTML5取代）</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="5-MDN"><a href="#5-MDN" class="headerlink" title="5. MDN"></a>5. MDN</h3><ul>
<li>Mozilla Development Network</li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/">开发者社区</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="6-CSS"><a href="#6-CSS" class="headerlink" title="6. CSS"></a>6. CSS</h3><ul>
<li>层叠样式表：cascading style sheet</li>
<li>css is the language for describing the presentation of Web pages!</li>
<li>用于描述页面样式的</li>
<li>CSS3：持续制定中（兼容性比较差）</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="7-browser"><a href="#7-browser" class="headerlink" title="7. browser"></a>7. browser</h3><ul>
<li>浏览器<ul>
<li>shell：外壳</li>
<li>core：内核<ul>
<li>js执行引擎</li>
<li>渲染引擎</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>主流浏览器<ul>
<li>IE：Trident</li>
<li>Firfox：Gecko</li>
<li>Chrome：Webkit / Blink</li>
<li>Safari：Webkit</li>
<li>Opera：Presto / Blink</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="8-element"><a href="#8-element" class="headerlink" title="8. element"></a>8. element</h3><ul>
<li><p>元素：起始标记 + 结束标记 + 元素内容 + 元素属性</p>
</li>
<li><p>空元素</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!-- html5标准格式 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!-- xhtml标准 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span> /&gt;</span> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>HTML文档</p>
<ul>
<li>文档声明：告诉浏览器当前文档使用的HTML标准</li>
<li><font color=red>文档声明不是元素</font><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;!DOCTYPE <span class="meta-keyword">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>自然语言</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!-- html5标准 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span> <span class="attr">lang</span>=<span class="string">&quot;cmn-hans&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!-- xhtml标准 --&gt;</span>  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span> <span class="attr">lang</span>=<span class="string">&quot;zh-CN&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>文档头</p>
<ul>
<li>文档头不参与显示<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span>&gt;</span> 元数据 字符编码</span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span>Document<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span> 网页标题</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="9-SEO"><a href="#9-SEO" class="headerlink" title="9. SEO"></a>9. SEO</h3><ul>
<li>搜索引擎<ul>
<li>百度</li>
<li>搜狗</li>
<li>360</li>
<li>必应（Bing）</li>
<li>谷歌（Google）</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="10-什么是语义化？"><a href="#10-什么是语义化？" class="headerlink" title="10.什么是语义化？"></a>10.什么是语义化？</h3><ul>
<li>每一个html元素都有具体的含义</li>
<li><font color=red>元素本身与展示效果无关</font><ul>
<li>元素的展示效果应由css决定</li>
<li>没有css的元素无法显示（浏览器带有默认的css样式）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><font color=red>选择使用什么元素应由元素内容的含义决定</font></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="11-为什么需要语义化"><a href="#11-为什么需要语义化" class="headerlink" title="11.为什么需要语义化"></a>11.为什么需要语义化</h3><ul>
<li>为了搜索引擎优化</li>
<li>为了浏览器理解网页</li>
<li>对阅读模式、语音模式更友好  </li>
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